Iceblade of Narin: Everything Confirmed for September 23

Last Updated on September 26, 2026

Iceblade of Narin is live. Update 44 landed September 23 on every platform as a free update, and Hotfix 44.0.1 followed a day later. You get Narin, Warframe’s 66th frame and its second ice frame after Frost, a full Banshee rework, Citrine Prime Access, and a new social hub at Yuvan’s Peak on the dark side of Earth. Glacial Defiance did not ship with it. DE’s patch notes park the six-player mode at “sometime before or on October 15th.” Everything below now comes from DE’s published patch notes and live drop data instead of preview coverage. Updated September 25.

How to get Narin

Confirmed September 25: two routes, and you can mix them. Farm her blueprints off Zariman drop tables, or buy them outright from Cephalon Melica with Entropic Kuva. Melica stands at Yuvan’s Peak and in the Chrysalith. Narin is Mastery Rank 0, so anyone who can reach the Zariman can build her.

Two quests gate this, not one. Angels of the Zariman opens the Zariman itself, and Whispers in the Walls opens Melica’s shop. You need both. If you only have the first one done, you can farm the drop tables but you cannot buy anything.

Part	Zariman farm	Node	Melica price
Main blueprint	Exterminate or Mobile Defense	Halako Perimeter / The Greenway	400 Entropic Kuva
Neuroptics	Void Cascade	Tuvul Commons	130
Chassis	Void Flood	Everview Arc	130
Systems	Void Armageddon	Oro Works	130

Entropic Kuva comes off Entropic Eximus, which spawn across every Zariman node. Boosters do not help. Resource, drop chance and Steel Path boosters all do nothing to the amount you pick up, so the only lever you have is killing more of them. Steel Path Void Cascade is the densest spawn, because Eximus stack up once Exolizers are running in several rooms at once.

Killing them is the hard part. DE put the numbers in Hotfix 44.0.1: non-melee damage against an Entropic Eximus is cut by 90%, and Operator damage by 75%. Melee breaks their protective bubbles. Bring a real melee weapon and spend Entropic Kuva at Melica on the melee damage upgrades before you settle in for a long farm. That same hotfix also doubled Narin’s main blueprint drop weighting on Exterminate and Mobile Defense, so the farm route got meaningfully better on September 24.

Narin’s base stats

Stat	Rank 0	Rank 30
Health	270	370
Shields	550	650
Armor	165	165
Energy	200	not published
Sprint speed	1.1	1.1

That 550 base shield is the tell. She is a shield frame first, with armor and health numbers that will not carry you alone, which is why Naraemagi refilling shields off enemy Cold procs is the survival plan rather than a bonus.

Narin’s kit

Narin is a Korean-inspired sword dancer built around Cold procs, shield tanking and one resource called Ice. Every ability except the 4 generates Ice per enemy hit, and the 4 cannot be cast until the meter is full. That is the whole loop: hit things with 1, 2 and 3 to charge, then spend it. Below is DE’s own in-game wording from the Update 44 notes, not paraphrase.

• Sangodae (passive): each stack of Cold Status on an enemy raises the chance to spawn a Sangodae pickup by 1%. Grabbing one puts Cold Damage on your primary and secondary for 10 seconds. More Cold on the target means better odds, so the passive pays out most while the rest of the kit is running.
• Neote (1): lunge with her ice rapier, dealing Cold Damage and applying Cold and Puncture Status to foes directly ahead. Gains Ice per enemy hit. This is the Helminth ability, so subsume a spare Narin if you want it elsewhere.
• Naraemagi (2): recover Shields by absorbing Cold Status from nearby enemies, and gain Overguard instead if Shields are already full. Gains Ice per enemy hit. Freeze a crowd first, then cast, or you get very little back.
• Hakchum (3): tap to leap into the air, tap again to land where you are aiming. Landing applies Cold Damage Vulnerability and Cold Status in a large radius. Gains Ice per enemy hit. It works in Railjack.
• Nurinarim (4): requires full Ice to cast. An ancestral spirit descends and Narin sword dances for continuous damage around her. Press Attack on marked targets to launch shattering icy slashes that deplete Armor and Shields, and hitting a Frozen enemy makes it explode for heavy radial Cold Damage.

Confirmed September 11: DE’s own Devstream 197 writeup and the wiki ability pages now line up on the full kit, including the passive name. The pairing DE pointed at is 3 into 4: drop the mist dome so everything nearby is frozen and taking bonus Cold, then dance in the rink and pick off marked targets, then fly and crash again to reset it. The live version bears that out: the vulnerability from the 3 is what makes the explosions on the 4 land, and the 3 is how you top the Ice meter back up mid-dance.

Confirmed September 14: DE put out a 2 minute ability showcase with Design Director Pablo Alonso walking through the kit himself, and it settles three things the written recaps left vague. The 4 has an entry condition, so you land her other abilities on enemies to unlock the dance rather than casting it on cooldown. The Overguard from the 2 scales with how many Cold procs the target was sitting on, and the demo footage shows it clearing 4,800 off a frozen group. And the 3 can be cast in the middle of the dance, which is what makes the loop work: mist dome, dance, fly and crash, dance again. Her dash also stays available during the 4. Pablo flags the effects as work in progress, so treat the visuals in that video as unfinished.

A shield-tank ice frame is a new lane for the game. Frost stacks armor and freezes the room. Narin stays mobile and keeps her own shields topped off with Naraemagi while the room takes bonus Cold. See where she lands on the full warframe release order.

Nunchasa and Aksondol, live stats

Confirmed September 25: both signature weapons are out and both are Mastery Rank 14. Buy the blueprints from Melica with Entropic Kuva, same shop as Narin.

	Nunchasa	Aksondol
Type	Bow	Dual pistols (secondary)
Base damage	400 charged (200 Puncture, 200 Cold)	140 (70 Puncture, 70 Cold)
Crit chance	32%	24%
Crit multiplier	2.4x	2.6x
Status chance	32%	22%
Fire rate	1.0	10.0
Magazine	1	8 (2.6s reload)
Entropic Kuva	400 for the full set	380 for the full set

Nunchasa’s Alt Fire needs charging. Land 5 direct hits to fill it, then the blizzard arrow fires for 1,000 damage split 250 Puncture, 250 Slash and 500 Cold, with a forced Freeze and a trail behind it that applies Cold to anything walking through. Aksondol’s reload drops a freezing mist cloud that applies Cold, and the cloud gets bigger for every round you put back in the magazine, so a full empty-and-reload makes the biggest one.

Corrected September 25: this page pulled three weapon mechanics on September 12 for having no first-party source, restored two of them on the 13th, and left innate Puncture on Aksondol off. DE’s live stats settle it. Aksondol does have innate Puncture, half its base damage. That claim is back on, and all three are now DE-published rather than sourced from preview coverage.

Confirmed September 16: DE’s September 14 weapons short, posted on both YouTube and Bluesky, names the store package: Nunchasa and Aksondol come in the Narin Bundle on September 23. No platinum price yet. DE also cast a new voice for the update. Judy Alice Lee joins as a new character in Iceblade of Narin. DE hasn’t said which character, so don’t assume it’s Narin.

Banshee’s rework, ability by ability

Confirmed September 25: the rework shipped on September 23 exactly as DE workshopped it, no late cuts. Every change below is live. Hotfix 44.0.1 cleaned up script errors on Sound Quake and Sonic Boom the next day. Here is the kit now:

• Passive: casting any ability now applies 5 stacks of Puncture to enemies within 10 meters, so they hit you softer and take more critical damage. Her own weapon noise still drops.
• Sonic Boom (1): now one-handed and no longer roots her in place. Ragdoll is gone, replaced with a knockback and stun. Impact damage jumps from 50 to 250 with a guaranteed Impact proc, and it strips 70% of enemy armor, scaling to 100% with Ability Strength. The Strength stat on the ability is being relabelled Push Force, and it now pops resource containers.
• Sonar (2): weak spots are now formally Weak Points. Mods and arcanes that key off Weak Points work on them, and shooting one charges an Incarnon.
• Silence (3): can be recast to refresh duration and reapply the stun, and no longer roots her either.
• Sound Quake (4): drops the channel entirely. It’s now a 25-second area effect with a brief window of invulnerability on cast, and it runs independently of her, so you walk, shoot and reposition while it keeps hitting. The augment mod takes over the old channeled, gas-damage version.

Two of her four augments get renamed

Confirmed September 11: DE’s Banshee dev workshop renames two of her four augment mods, so any build guide you have saved is about to go stale. Corrected September 15: this section previously read as if she only had two augments. Resonance and Savage Silence are both listed unchanged.

• Sonic Fracture is now Sonic Siphon. The armor strip moved into base Sonic Boom, so the augment does something new: strip armor and Banshee gains armor for 20 seconds, capped at 1500. Recasting refreshes it as long as the cast actually strips something.
• Resonating Quake is now Gaseous Quake. DE swapped base and augment. The 4 is the 25 second area effect, and the augment is the old channeled version, rooted in place, adding Gas damage. Damage and energy drain both ramp every second up to a cap, and the cloud lingers after you stop channeling.
• Sound Quake applies guaranteed Blast procs, weaker the further enemies stand from the center.
• Sonar prioritizes body parts it has not already marked, and the reticle turns red on a weak spot like every other Weak Point in the game.
• Resonance and Savage Silence are untouched. DE lists both as unchanged, so those two builds carry over as they are.
• Confirmed in live game data September 25: Sonic Siphon and Gaseous Quake are both in the mod tables now, and Augmented Sonar, Resonating Quake and Sonic Fracture are gone from them. Frost picked up a new augment the same patch, Cold Front.

The loudest complaint in that thread is Gaseous Quake picking up Improved Line of Sight. A gas cloud and a sound wave checking line of sight reads as nonsense to most of the people replying, and it breaks nuking a defense fissure from cover. DE marked the whole workshop subject to change before release, so this one is worth watching.

Confirmed September 14: DE’s own Update 44 workshop video pins down the passive at 5 stacks of Puncture, a number the written workshop only called “maximum”. Two more things only Pablo says out loud. Sonar weak points charge Incarnons, which turns Banshee into an Incarnon battery for the whole squad. And the Weak Point change is the front end of a system rewrite: DE wants everything currently written as “on Headshot” to become “on Weak Point” so the two stop being separate rules. Only the most popular mods and arcanes get converted for launch, with the rest landing in a later update.

Log in between September 23 and October 7, the cutoff being 11:59pm ET on the 7th, for a free base Banshee, and DE is throwing in a built Forma with it so you can start testing her reworked kit straight away. Corrected September 13: the Threnodia Collection deluxe skin is not part of that giveaway. It’s a paid collection, built from community artist Mischka’s concept art. Qorvex gets his own Basilica Collection skin the same patch, co-designed with Sumo Digital. If Banshee’s been sitting unranked since 2013, this is the week to build her.

Confirmed September 11: two new Atragraph mods ship with the patch, so Chromatic Atramentum now applies to Banshee’s Savage Silence and Baruuk’s Reactive Storm, designed by community artist Pathidos_Zune. The TennoGen round landing the same day adds five items. Named September 12: the Reliquia Syandana, the Gothica and Vermis Signas timed for Nights of Naberus, the Citrine Heliotropia helmet for her Prime Access week, and the Jade Coven skin, the first community-made Jade skin.

Confirmed September 20: DE’s Glaxion Battlekit goes on sale the same day, and it carries a new mod rather than just cosmetics. Contents: the Glaxion rifle, the Photon Overcharge primary mod, the new Opula Armor Set, and 3-day Affinity, Credit and Resource boosters. One purchase per account. PlayStation gets a trimmed version called the Glaxion Opula Battlekit, without the Credit and Resource boosters. No platinum price posted yet.

Citrine Prime Access

Citrine Prime launches the same day with Steflos Prime (shotgun) and Corufell Prime, the heavy scythe that transforms into a gunblade on heavy attacks, now with a faster transform. The pack breaks down like this:

Item	Type
Citrine Prime	Warframe
Steflos Prime	Shotgun
Corufell Prime	Heavy Scythe
Sphatika Prime Syandana	Cosmetic
Alumeti Prime Sugatra	Cosmetic
Prismatic Gem Prime Decoration	Cosmetic
Spinele Prime set (facial accessory, earpiece, oculus)	Cosmetic

Every piece is also earnable free by cracking relics, per our relic farming guide. Check our prime price check tool before selling off whatever gets vaulted, and keep an eye on Baro Ki’Teer’s stock in the following weeks.

Which relic drops which part

Confirmed September 25: the relics are in rotation. Chase the rares first and put your Void Traces there.

Part	Relic	Rarity
Citrine Prime blueprint	Meso C11	Rare
Citrine Prime Neuroptics	Axi C12	Rare
Citrine Prime Chassis	Neo C11	Common
Citrine Prime Systems	Lith S19	Uncommon
Steflos Prime blueprint	Neo Y2	Uncommon
Steflos Prime Barrel	Axi S21	Rare
Steflos Prime Receiver	Lith A13	Common
Steflos Prime Stock	Meso D9	Uncommon
Corufell Prime blueprint	Meso V17	Common
Corufell Prime Handle	Axi C12	Uncommon
Corufell Prime Receiver	Neo C10	Rare
Corufell Prime Stock	Lith C15	Common

Three sets went into the Vault to make room: Xaku Prime, Quassus Prime and Trumna Prime. If you were sitting on those relics, crack them or hold them, because their parts are about to get harder to buy. Check our prime price check tool before you sell anything.

Full drop tables for all eleven relics, every refinement tier, and the best node per era: Citrine Prime relics and where to farm them.

Confirmed September 19: DE posted the Citrine Prime showcase, a 61 second look at her, Steflos Prime and Corufell Prime in motion, four days out from launch. It adds no new items and no pack prices, it just restates the September 23 date, so the table above is still the whole list.

Confirmed September 25: the Prime Access packs are on sale, with platinum amounts now public. Prices below are US store prices; your region will differ.

Pack	What you get	Platinum	US price
Complete Pack	Everything: Citrine Prime, both weapons, all accessories, glyphs, 90-day Affinity and Resource boosters	3990	$139.99
Prime Pack	Citrine Prime, Steflos Prime, Corufell Prime, glyphs	2625	$79.99
Weapons Pack	Steflos Prime, Corufell Prime	1050	not confirmed
Prime Accessories Pack	Syandana, sugatra, decoration, Spinele set, 90-day Affinity and Resource boosters	not confirmed	not confirmed

Skip the packs if you only want the frame. Every part drops from the relics above, and the platinum is the only thing you can’t farm.

New modes and locations

Glacial Defiance is the new six-Tenno mode. Yuvan Peak is the new social hub, a mountain summit relay where her frozen blade waits to be found, and it doubles as the mode’s front door: talk to Cephalon Melica there and pick the “Ring the Cryobell” option. Melica’s Lab is a previously unexplored Zariman corner tied to the Entropic Eximus spawns whose Kuva pays for Narin’s components.

Confirmed September 14: Yuvan Peak is the spot where you made your choice in The War Within. DE’s Devstream overview and the stream itself both say Narin turned up at that moment and froze it, which is what stops the Zariman’s influence from growing any stronger. That single moment is the anchor for the whole update. The hub, Melica’s Lab, the Entropic Eximus and Glacial Defiance all hang off it, and the mode itself is played in the depths of the Zariman.

Confirmed September 12: Yuvan Peak sits on a side of Earth the star chart has never shown you. DE’s update page puts it on Earth’s dark side, and the planet rotates to bring the summit into view once the node opens. Melica is a proper vendor up there, not just a quest stop: her shop is called Classroom Supplies and it runs on Entropic Kuva, the same currency that buys the melee damage upgrades you need to dent an Entropic Eximus.

Confirmed September 18: the sword at the summit has a name. DE’s update page calls the landmark Narin’s Crest, and that is where her Iceblade sits locked in the ice waiting for someone to pull it out.

How Glacial Defiance actually works

Confirmed September 11: DE skipped this week’s Devshorts and put out a written follow-up plus a Pablo video instead, after the post-Devstream questions piled up. The structure:

• Cryobells are mission keys. Each one rolls a random mission type, a random enemy faction, and two modifiers, one applied to the mission and one applied to you personally.
• You get 3 Cryobells a week, picked up at Yuvan Peak, and they come back on weekly reset.
• All six players bring a Cryobell, then the squad votes on which one you actually run.
• DE’s update page adds that Cryobell modifiers stack across the squad and raise the rewards. How that squares with everyone voting on a single bell is not spelled out yet.
• The launch build ships four mission types and five cooperative side objectives. More mission types, objectives, and modifiers are queued for later passes.
• Clear the main objective and you get dropped into a reward room, where how well you played decides which chests you can open.
• DE rates it technically above Elite Deep Archimedea and Elite Temporal Archimedea, but easier in practice, since two extra frames means two extra support slots.

Rebecca was explicit that these are not raids. The original pitch came from community creator WarframeFlo. DE still words the launch as an intention rather than a lock, so the mode slipping past the 23rd is on the table.

Confirmed September 16: Glacial Defiance is delayed. Narin, the Banshee rework and Citrine Prime still land September 23 on all platforms, but the six-player Cryobell missions are held back a few weeks. DE’s PSA from Rebecca and its official Bluesky account both say so. The window:

• Release falls somewhere between September 23 and October 15. No exact day yet.
• The reason is stronger fail-state logic for the co-op side objectives, so opting into them is more of a team call, plus general fixes and polish.
• The next word on it comes in the September 22 Devshort.

Confirmed September 14: DE put a number on that doubt in its own words. The Devstream 197 overview reads “It is our intention to launch this mode with the Iceblade of Narin update, however there is a chance that it may not make it.” Rebecca said the same thing twice on the stream, calling it very ambitious and, in the closing recap, the mode they are going to try to get into this update. Plan September 23 around Narin, the Banshee rework and Citrine Prime. Glacial Defiance is the piece that can slide. (It did, see above.)

Confirmed September 25: it did not ship. Update 44 went out without Glacial Defiance, and DE’s own patch notes list it as “Releasing sometime before or on October 15th.” No day has been named. Riven Splicers come from this mode, so Riven merging is on hold for everyone until it lands. Locking a Riven stat with Kuva works now.

No public matchmaking when it launches

Confirmed September 11: premade six-player squads are the only way in on day one of the mode. No pubs, no solo, no short squads. DE’s reasoning is game mode stability plus the cooperative side objectives, which need real coordination and would fall apart with randoms. Support for fewer than six players is being explored, but the cooperative objectives will still want at least four bodies.

The forum thread ran five pages inside a day and is past ten now, still with no DE reply after the opening post, and most of it is players pointing out that recruiting chat cannot reliably assemble a weekly six-stack. If you want these rewards in week one, line up a clan or a Discord group before the mode goes live rather than counting on finding five strangers.

Confirmed September 16: the delay does not add matchmaking. Rebecca’s PSA says the first version “simply will not have it”, calls this Chapter 1 rather than a final answer, and says DE wants matchmaking feedback once V1 is out.

How to actually kill Entropic Eximus

Confirmed September 11: DE’s update page finally says how you’re meant to fight the enemies that pay for Narin. Entropic Eximus spawn across the Zariman’s nodes and they’re built to shrug off the usual answers. Your Operator does hurt them, but at a reduced rate. The real answer is melee, and Yuvan Peak is where you buy the melee damage upgrades that make it stick. Kill them for Entropic Kuva, then trade that to Cephalon Melica for Narin’s blueprints.

The reason they’re showing up at all is Melica’s Lab, the unexplored Zariman area this patch opens. Melica is trying to sever a dormant connection to the Man in the Wall before it finishes growing, and the Eximus are what pushes back.

Riven mods changed too

Two systems, previewed in Devshorts 115 and 116: locking a stat so it survives a reroll, and merging two stats into one that cannot roll normally. Locking is live. Merging is not, because the Riven Splicers it costs only drop from Glacial Defiance.

Confirmed September 11: DE’s written recap of both Devshorts spells the systems out, and one part already changed once. Locking uses Kuva. The first design had a separate new resource doing the locking, and DE walked that back on August 31 so players could spend Kuva they already have. A lock menu lets you pick exactly one stat, and only one, to protect. Cycling a Riven that has a stat locked costs the new resource on top of the usual Kuva.

Merging is the bigger change. Combinations are fixed, not random: Heat plus Cold is always Blast. If a Riven has more than one valid pairing you pick which one you want, so a Heat, Cold and Toxin Riven offers a choice of Blast, Gas or Viral. A combined stat can sit on the same Riven as the two stats that made it, you cannot have the same combined stat twice, and Status Damage is in the pool, built from Damage plus Status Chance. The merging resource has a name: Riven Splicers, spent through the Mod Segment in your Orbiter. Splicers come only from the new hard content, which means Glacial Defiance.

Three combined stats on one Riven is technically reachable by locking a combined stat and merging again, but DE says nobody should be chasing that and is weighing a hard cap of one combined stat per Riven. They asked for feedback on that cap specifically, so treat it as unsettled, along with every number above. Our trading guide covers moving Riven and prime parts without getting lowballed.

Confirmed September 19: two shader fixes ride along, and fashion players will notice both. Operator and Drifter hair gets deeper, richer colors, so a true black finally reads as black instead of mid grey. The metal tinting shader gets the same fix: dark colors that washed out to grey on metals now hold their color. DE lists both in its own Devstream 197 quality of life rundown, and the official wiki carries them in the update’s QoL section. Confirmed September 21: DE’s own dev workshop fills in the rest. White hair stays white without going flat, sheen is stronger, a slight rim light fakes light scattering, and the same hair fix lands on Kubrow fur. The pitch black metal look survives: DE says it is keeping it reachable through the Voidshell Ayatan Elegance material, with details in the patch notes. Expect some saved color schemes to shift, so recheck your favorite looks after the update.

Confirmed September 20: Deep and Temporal Archimedea are changing too, and this one is easy to miss. DE’s own quality of life rundown lists ETA/EDA changes to the choices you make before entering a Deep or Temporal Archimedea mission, and the official wiki lists tweaks to Elite Deep Archimedea and Elite Temporal Archimedea modifiers and to the research points they pay out. DE has published no numbers. If you run Archimedea on the weekly reset, expect your pre-mission picks to score differently from the 23rd and check the patch notes before you lock a loadout.

Warframe is on the Samsung Galaxy Store now

Confirmed September 18: the Android build arrives on the Samsung Galaxy Store on September 23, same day as the update. DE’s Android FAQ says anyone who logs in through that store between September 23 and October 21 gets the Manegarmr Ephemera and the Valentine Color Palette by inbox message. The install is roughly 4 GB up front, then about 10 GB more once you clear Vor’s Prize or set up cross platform save. Cross platform progression carries your account over, so it is not a restart.

What’s still unconfirmed

Patch notes are out and Hotfix 44.0.1 landed September 24. What is still missing: Glacial Defiance has no release day inside its October 15 window, its drop tables are blank, and DE has given no date for public matchmaking or smaller squads in that mode. Confirmed September 18: a Cryobell is only spent when you extract successfully. DE edited its Glacial Defiance follow-up PSA to say so: fail the run and you can go again on the same bell. That settles the forum fight over whether bells burn per attempt, so a wipe costs you time, not one of your three weekly keys. Digital Extremes has also confirmed a separate Epoch Operation, Tau-Bound, running October 15 to November 17 and gated behind The Hex and The Old Peace. It sets up the Warframe: Tau expansion arriving this winter alongside the Brysko frame, but that’s a later drop, not part of the September 23 patch. Confirmed September 14: Devstream 198 is set for October 30 and covers part one of Tau.

What to do this week

• Twitch Drops are running right now and end September 30 at 11:30 a.m. ET, on any Warframe stream. One hour watched gets the Kuva Globule Decoration, two hours the Parallax Landing Craft, three hours the Niveus Sumdali. Link your Twitch account to your Warframe account before the 23rd. DE says the Niveus Sumdali will also be sold by Cephalon Melica at Yuvan Peak after the campaign, so missing it is not permanent.
• Operation: Plague Star is over. It closed September 23 at 10 a.m. ET. If you did not get the Two-Handed Nikana Maligna Skin or the Teralyst Prominence Sigil, they are gone until the next run.
• Corrected September 25: it takes two quests, not one. Angels of the Zariman opens the Zariman, and Whispers in the Walls opens Cephalon Melica’s shop. Without the second one you can farm blueprints but cannot buy them. Angels needs The New War cleared first, so if you are starting cold this is days of work, not an evening.
• Farm out any relics sitting in your inventory before rotation shuffles them, using our relic farming guide.
• Stock credits with the Index credit farming route. Riven rerolls and a new frame build both burn through them fast.
• Grab Nitain Extract while you’ve got downtime. New frame blueprints almost always want it, and our Nitain guide covers every source.
• Catch up on syndicate standing you’ve neglected, Entrati included, before a new frame pulls your attention away.

Still open: Glacial Defiance’s actual release day, its drop tables, and whether Cryobell modifiers really stack across a six-player squad when the squad only runs one bell. We update this page as DE answers them.